Discover Moscow's unique four-season climate, with temperatures ranging from -13°C (8°F) in January to 20°C (68°F) in July. Surprisingly, Moscow averages just over a foot of rainfall annually, making it one of Europe's driest capitals. Summers are warm and sunny, perfect for strolling through the historic Red Square or boating on the Moskva River. Visit during autumn's golden hues to witness the city's breathtaking transformation.
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Moscow Climate & Weather Averages
Moscow records its highest temperatures in July — typically 24°C by day — and its lowest in January, around -5°C. Most rain falls in July; March stays driest. These averages are computed from ten years of daily records (2015–2024).
Few cities change character with the calendar like Moscow. Summer is genuinely warm (24°C average highs in July); winter is genuinely cold (-5°C by day in January, -10°C at night), and white: expect snowfall on roughly 83 days a year, mostly from October to April. Pack for the season, not the destination.
| Month | Avg High | Avg Low | Rainfall | Sunshine (h/day) | Wind (km/h) | Snow days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -5° | -10° | 45 mm | 1.6 | 22 | 20 |
| Feb | -3° | -8° | 36 mm | 3.7 | 23 | 15 |
| Mar | 2° | -6° | 35 mm | 7 | 21 | 11 |
| Apr | 11° | 1° | 48 mm | 9.1 | 21 | 4 |
| May | 18° | 7° | 65 mm | 11.4 | 20 | 1 |
| Jun | 23° | 12° | 63 mm | 13.3 | 19 | — |
| Jul | 24° | 15° | 82 mm | 12.6 | 18 | — |
| Aug | 23° | 14° | 53 mm | 11.4 | 17 | — |
| Sep | 17° | 9° | 48 mm | 8 | 19 | — |
| Oct | 9° | 3° | 54 mm | 4.5 | 20 | 4 |
| Nov | 2° | -2° | 51 mm | 1.8 | 20 | 10 |
| Dec | -2° | -6° | 55 mm | 1 | 20 | 18 |
A warming climate: The long record shows it plainly: in the 1950s a typical July day in Moscow topped out near 22°C; in the last decade it reached 24°C — +1.4°C warmer.
Expect around 13.3 hours of sun a day at the June peak, against about 1 hours in December. Wind stays moderate most of the year, strongest in February with daily peaks near 23 km/h.
Best time to visit: Aim for June–August if you can: highs hover near 23°C and rain is lighter than the July peak. Pack strictly by season: summer calls for light layers, winter for a serious coat, hat, and gloves.
Moscow weather — frequently asked questions
What is the rainiest month in Moscow?
July is on average the wettest month in Moscow, with about 82 mm of rainfall. The driest month is typically March, at around 35 mm.
Does it snow in Moscow?
Yes. Moscow averages about 83 days with snowfall per year, falling mostly between October and April.
How cold are winters in Moscow?
January is the coldest month in Moscow: daytime highs average just -5°C and nights drop to around -10°C.
What is the sunniest month in Moscow?
June, with roughly 13.3 hours of sunshine a day on average over 2015–2024. The dimmest month is December, at about 1 hours.
When is the best time to visit Moscow?
Weather-wise, June–August is the sweet spot in Moscow: average daytime highs around 23°C with less rain than the July peak. Data from 2015–2024.
Source: Open-Meteo ERA5 archive. Averages computed from daily records.